Effects of a Positive Psychology-based Mental Health Promotion Program for High School Students

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a positive psychology-based mental health promotion program for high school students. @*Methods@#This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 47 high school students participated from two high schools in Gyeonggi Province. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=24), which participated in the 8-session program, or to a control group (n=23). Psychological well-being, depression, and self-esteem were measured. @*Results@#A significant difference in psychological well-being was observed between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant between-group differences in depression or self-esteem. @*Conclusion@#The positive psychology-based mental program was effective at increasing psychological well-being in adolescents, especially high school students. This study suggests that a school curriculum could incorporate positive psychology-based mental programs for high school students to promote their mental health.

The Effect of Different Curing Condition on the Flexural Strength and Translucency of Orthodontic Acrylic Resin / 대한치과재료학회지

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of polymerization conditions on the flexural strength and transparency of orthodontic acrylic resin. Materials and methods: The specimens were prepared by applying pressure of 1 bar, 2 bar and 4 bar in air, room temperature water, 50℃ water and 70℃ water. The flexural strength of each specimen was measured using a universal testing machine and the translucency parameter (TP) was calculated by measuring the CIE L*a*b* value of each specimen using a spectrophotometer. The flexural strength of orthodontic acrylic resin was the highest in water at 50℃, and the flexural strength was significantly lower in the order of 70℃ water, room temperature water and air (P 0.05). The transparency of orthodontic acrylic resin showed the highest value in air and was significantly lower in the order of room temperature, 50℃ water and 70℃ water (P 0.05). Within the limits of this study, the flexural strength and transparency of the orthodontic acrylic resin differ according to polymerization conditions, but there is no difference according to the pressure.

Effects of the Mental Health Promotion Program based on Positive Psychology for Adolescents with Problem Behavior / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the mental health promotion program based on Positive Psychology for adolescents with problem behavior. METHODS: The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Eligible participants were first grade students in two high schools in K Province. The inclusion criteria for the study were those with scores in the upper 15% on the Korean Youth Self-Report. A total of 74 participants were assigned to an 8-session program (n=38) or to a control (n=36) group. The outcome variables were psychological well-being, depression, and self-esteem. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic variables or outcome variables, except self-esteem, between the two groups at the baseline. The experimental group had higher mean scores on psychological well-being and self-esteem and a lower mean score on depression. There were significant differences in psychological well-being (t=3.45, p=.001), self-esteem (F=5.45, p=.022), and depression (t=-2.80, p=.007) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The mental health promotion program based on Positive Psychology was effective in decreasing depression as well as improving psychological well-being and self-esteem for adolescents with problem behavior. This study contributes to suggesting a framework for promoting mental health for high school students with problem behavior.

A Survey on Customers' Perceptions of Nutrition Labeling for Processed Food and Restaurant Meal

Consumer perception of processed food and restaurant food's nutrient labelling was surveyed. The subjects of this survey consisted of 1,507 parents, whose ages were 20-59 years old. The ratio of the respondents that have known nutrition labelling on processed foods was 89.8% and the ratio of whom have checked the nutrition labelling at their point of purchase was 72.3%. The nutrients which were considered important for nutrition labelling were fat (57.1%), calorie (56.3%) and sodium (49.0%). Also nutrient which were able to be recognized at a glance by the subjects were in the order of trans fat (62.1%), cholesterol (26.9%), calorie (23.9%) and sodium (21.0%). If restaurant menu's nutrient labelling be enacted, the answer rate that the menu's nutrition labelling may affect their menu choice is 90.6% of the respondents. Besides of the Fastfoods that are enforcement, restaurants of that customers want the menu to be labeled were 'pizza and chicken restaurants'. Nutrients that customers preferred to be labelled were calorie (62.0%), fat (60.3%) and sodium (50.9%).

Introduction of Organic Anion Transporters (SLC22A) and a Regulatory Mechanism by Caveolins

The kidney is an important organ for controlling the volume of body fluids, electrolytic balance and excretion/reabsorption of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Among these renal functions, excretion/reabsorption of endogenous and exogenous substance is very important for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis in the body. Recently discovered organic anion transporters (OAT or SLC22A) have important roles for renal functions. It is well known as drug transporter. Several isoforms belong to SLC22A family. They showed different transport substrate spectrums and different localizations within the kidney. Their gene expressions are changed by some stimulus. The functional transport properties are regulated by protein kinase C. In addition, the function of organic anion transporters are also regulated by protein-protein interaction, such as caveolin which is compositional protein of caveolae structure. In this review, we will give an introduction of organic anion transporters and its regulatory mechanisms.

Evidence for Cyclooxygenase-2 Association with Caveolin-3 in Primary Cultured Rat Chondrocytes

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the cellular localization of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in primarily cultured rat chondrocytes. In normal rat chondrocytes, we observed relatively high levels of Cav-3 and a very low level of COX-2 mRNA and protein. Upon treating the chondrocytes with 5 microM of CdCl2 (Cd) for 6 hr, the expressions of COX-2 mRNA and protein were increased with the decreased Cav-3 mRNA and protein expressions. The detergent insoluble caveolae-rich membranous fractions that were isolated from the rat chondrocytes and treated with Cd contained the both proteins of both COX-2 and Cav-3 in a same fraction. The immuno-precipitation experiments showed complex formation between the COX-2 and Cav-3 in the rat chondrocytes. Purified COX-2 with glutathione S-transferase-fused COX-2 also showed complex formation with Cav-3. Confocal and electron microscopy also demonstrated the co-localization of COX-2 and Cav-3 in the plasma membrane. The results from our current study show that COX-2 and Cav-3 are co-localized in the caveolae of the plasma membrane, and they form a protein-protein complex. The co-localization of COX-2 with Cav-3 in the caveolae suggests that the caveolins might play an important role for regulating the function of COX-2.

Identification of a novel murine organic anion transporter like protein 1 (OATLP1) expressed in the kidney

The organic anion transporters (OATs) are expressed in various tissues, primarily in the kidney and liver, but they are also expressed in the placenta, small intestine, and the choroid plexus, which are all epithelial tissues that transport xenobiotics. Six isoforms of OATs are currently known. Considering the variety of organic anionic compounds, other OATs isoforms can be assumed. In this connection, we have searched for a new isoform in the expressed sequence tag (EST) database. We found the new candidate clone AK052752 in the mouse kidney cDNA library and we named it mouse organic anion transporter like protein 1 (mOATLP1). The mOATLP1 cDNA consisted of 2221 base pairs that encoded a 552 amino acid residue protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of mOATLP1 showed 37 to 63% identity to other members of the OAT family. According to the tissue distribution based on Northern blot analysis, 2.7 kb and 2.9 kb mOATLP1 transcripts (approximate sizes) were observed in the kidney and liver. An 85-kDa band (approximate) was detected using Western blot analysis of mouse kidney performed with a synthesized oligopeptide-induced mOATLP1 antibody. Immunohistochemical results showed mOATLP1 was stained in the blood vessels, glomeruli (the parietal epithelial cells and podocytes), distal convoluted tubules, connecting tubules, and inner medullary collecting tubules. mOATLP1 appears to be a novel candidate for an organic anion transporter isoform identified in the kidney.

Rat Organic Anion Transporter 3 Co-localized with Caveolin-2 in Rat Kidney / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: The recently identified organic anion transporter 3 (rOAT3) was mainly expressed in kidney, liver and brain tissue, and it contributes the movement of endogenous or exogenous substances across the cell membrane. Although the properties of rOAT3 are gradually accumulated, the regulatory mechanism of rOAT3 remains to be elucidated. Caveolin (Cav) also plays a role as a membrane transporter and as a modulating protein for some functional proteins. Therefore, we investigated the protein-protein interaction between rOAT3 and Cav-2 in rat kidney. METHODS: The expressions of rOAT3 and Cav-2 (mRNA and protein) were observed using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The localization of rOAT3 and Cav-2 was determined in the caveolae-rich membrane fraction isolated by sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation. For the direct binding between the rOAT3 and Cav-2 proteins, the immuno-precipitation method and confocal microscopy were employed. In order to perform functional analysis, a Xenopus oocytes expression system with the antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) technique was used. RESULTS: The expressions of rOAT3 and Cav-2 (mRNA and protein) were detected in the kidney. The caveolae-rich membranous fractions from the kidney contained both rOAT3 and Cav-2 in the same fractions. The immuno-precipitation experiments showed the formation of a complex between the rOAT3 and Cav-2 in the kidney. The confocal microscopic results using primary cultured renal proximal epithelial cells also supported the co-localization of rOAT3 and Cav-2 at the plasma membrane. The uptake function of rOAT3, as tested for by using a Xenopus oocytes expression system was slightly inhibited (with statistical significance) by the Xenopus Cav-2 antisense ODN. CONCLUSION: rOAT3 co-localizes with caveolin-2 in the caveolae, and caveolin-2 plays an important role in regulating the function of rOAT3.

The extracellular calcium sensing receptor is expressed in mouse mesangial cells and modulates cell proliferation

The extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) belongs to the type III family of G-protein-coupled receptors, a family that comprises the metabotropic glutamate receptor and the putative vomeronasal organ receptors. The CaSR plays an important role for calcium homeostasis in parathyroid cells, kidney cells and other cells to directly 'sense' changes in the extracellular calcium ion concentration ((Ca2+)o). The mesangial cells are known to be involved in many pathologic sequences through the mediation of altered glomerular hemodynamics, cell proliferation, and matrix production. In this study, we examined the expression of the CaSR in the mouse mesangial cell lines (MMC, ATCC number CRL-1927). Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was perform with CaSR-specific primers, and this was followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplified product; this process identified the CaSR transcript in the MMCs. Moreover, CaSR protein was present in the MMCs as assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis using a polyclonal antibody specific for the CaSR. Functionally, (Ca2+)o induced the increment of the intracellular calcium concentration ((Ca2+)i) in a dose-dependent manner. This (Ca2+)i increment by (Ca2+)o was attenuated by the pretreatment with a phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122) and also by a pretreatment with a CaSR antagonist (NPS 2390). The similar results were also obtained in IP3 accumulation by (Ca2+)o. To investigate the physiological effect of the CaSR, the effect of the (Ca2+)o on cell proliferation was studied. The increased (Ca2+)o (up to 10 mM) produced a significant increase in the cell numbers. This mitogenic effect of (Ca2+)o was inhibited by the co-treatment with a CaSR antagonist. From these results, the (Ca2+)o-induced (Ca2+)i elevation in the MMC is coupled with the extracellular calcium sensing receptor. Furthermore, (Ca2+)o produces a mitogenic effect in MMCs.

Unilateral Tension Pneumothorax following Induction of Anesthesia A Case Report / 대한마취과학회지

Many authors have reported that the most frequent etiology of pneumothorax under general endotracheal anesthesia is high intratracheal pressure, and that bullae and certain pathologic lesions of the lung are predisposing factors for pneumothorax. We have experienced a case of sudden unilateral tension pneumothorax immedipediately following induction of anesthesia in a patient whose chest P-A X-ray revealed a stabilized old-tuberculotic lesion in the right upper lung field. We report this, case with a review of the literature of pneumothorax, especially pertaining to etlology and clinical clinical manifestations.